1 Samuel 15:22

Authorized King James Version

And Samuel said, Hath the LORD as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the LORD? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר
said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
שְׁמוּאֵ֗ל
And Samuel
shemuel, the name of three israelites
#3
הַחֵ֤פֶץ
as great delight
pleasure; hence (abstractly) desire; concretely, a valuable thing; hence (by extension) a matter (as something in mind)
#4
יְהוָ֑ה
Hath the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
בְּעֹל֣וֹת
in burnt offerings
a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a holocaust (as going up in smoke)
#6
מִזֶּ֣בַח
and sacrifices
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
#7
שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙
Behold to obey
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#8
בְּק֣וֹל
the voice
a voice or sound
#9
יְהוָ֑ה
Hath the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#10
הִנֵּ֤ה
lo!
#11
שְׁמֹ֙עַ֙
Behold to obey
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#12
מִזֶּ֣בַח
and sacrifices
properly, a slaughter, i.e., the flesh of an animal; by implication, a sacrifice (the victim or the act)
#13
ט֔וֹב
is better
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
#14
לְהַקְשִׁ֖יב
and to hearken
to prick up the ears, i.e., hearken
#15
מֵחֵ֥לֶב
than the fat
fat, whether literally or figuratively; hence, the richest or choice part
#16
אֵילִֽים׃
of rams
properly, strength; hence, anything strong; specifically an oak or other strong tree

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 1 Samuel Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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